The Architecture of Tate Modern: A Fusion of Past and Present

Tate Modern stands as a stunning example of architectural innovation, blending the old with the new. Originally constructed as Bankside Power Station in two phases between 1947 and 1963, this iconic building was the brainchild of Sir Giles Gilbert Scott—the same visionary behind Battersea Power Station and Waterloo Bridge. The power station's distinctive brick facade, supported by a robust steel interior, and its imposing single central chimney have earned it the nickname "industrial cathedral."

In July 1994, an international competition was launched to select an architect to transform the power station into the modern art gallery we know today. From an initial pool of 148 entrants, the selection was narrowed down to six prominent architectural firms: David Chipperfield Architects, Office for Metropolitan Architecture/Rem Koolhaas, Renzo Piano Building Workshop, Tadao Ando Architect and Associates, Herzog & de Meuron, and Jose Rafael Moneo Arquitecto. These proposals are showcased in our dedicated section for those interested in exploring the architectural visions.

By January 1995, the Swiss firm Herzog & de Meuron was declared the winner. Their design impressed the jury with its understated elegance and deep respect for the original structure. Rather than making bold, sweeping changes, Herzog & de Meuron opted for subtle modifications, including the introduction of a vast roof light box that floods the interior with natural light, creating a space that is both functional and modern.

Did You Know?

• Gilbert Scott's Vision: The original design for Bankside Power Station included two chimneys, but the final structure features a single central chimney.

• Chimney Height: The chimney stands at 99 meters (325 feet), deliberately shorter than the 114-meter (375 feet) Dome of St. Paul's Cathedral.

• Brickwork: Approximately 4.2 million bricks were used in the construction of Bankside Power Station.

• Iconic Designs: Sir Giles Gilbert Scott, the architect of Bankside Power Station, is also celebrated for designing the iconic British red telephone box.